Multidirectional health-promoting activities of some plant-derived substances make them candidates for drugs used in diabetes and its complications such as osteoporosis. Berberine is a compound for which both antidiabetic and antiosteoporotic effects have been documented. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of berberine on the skeletal disorders induced by experimental type 1 diabetes in rats. The experiments were performed on 3-month-old female rats, divided into three groups: I – healthy control rats, II – diabetic control rats, III – diabetic rats receiving berberine. Diabetes was induced by a single streptozotocin injection. Berberine administration (50 mg/kg/day p.o.) started two weeks later and lasted four weeks. Serum bone turnover markers and other biochemical parameters, bone mass and mineralization, histomorphometric parameters and mechanical properties were studied. Diabetes induced strong disorders of bone turnover, bone microarchitecture, and strength of cancellous bone. Berberine counteracted the effect of diabetes on the bone formation marker (osteocalcin) concentration, the growth plate, and some parameters of cancellous bone microarchitecture, but did not improve bone mineralization and bone mechanical properties in the diabetic rats. The lack of effect of berberine on bone quality does not support its use in the prevention of diabetes-induced bone damage.