Les restes osseux exhumés des sites paléontologiques et/ou archéologiques holocènes du nord du Maroc et les représentations zoomorphes des stations rupestres de l’Atlas et du sud du Maroc montrent que les grands mammifères étaient représentés, en plus des espèces actuelles, par d’autres espèces ne faisant plus partie du bestiaire sauvage du pays. Certaines de ces espèces sont éteintes à l’échelle du globe (extinction totale) et plusieurs, une vingtaine, survivent sous d’autres latitudes (extinction régionale à l’échelle du Maroc), essentiellement au sud, au-delà de la barrière saharienne, à l’exception de l’ours et du cerf qui survivent au nord de la Méditerranée. Si le facteur anthropique a joué un rôle non négligeable pour les extinctions des périodes historiques, les extinctions des périodes préhistoriques et protohistoriques sont dues essentiellement aux facteurs climatiques.

The bones exhumed from the Holocene paleontological and/or archaeological sites of northern Morocco and the rock art zoomorphic representations, of the Atlas and southern Morocco, show that large mammals were represented, in addition to present species, by others species now extinct from country. We present in this contribution the list of these recently extinct great mammals. In addition to scientific names, this table includes French, English and Arabic vernacular names of these species, also, their status in International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classification. No doubt that the extinctions of the Holocene epoch are due to interference between natural and human factors. We will distinguish between extinctions during prehistoric and historic periods. If the anthropogenic factors played a significant role in extinctions of historical periods, especially since the use of fire weapons, the extinctions of prehistoric and protohistoric periods are mainly due to natural factors. Indeed, climatic changes, especially desert implantation and extension, have played great role during Early Holocene. Most regionally extinct animals from Morocco during Holocene belong to the Bovidae and Equidae families. It is clear from this inventory that more than twenty species of great mammals have extinct from country, half of this number during the historic times. Most of these species live now in Africa, south of Sahara-barrier, except the reed deer and the bear, which now live in north of the Mediterranean.