The GPIHBP1-LPL complex and its role in plasma triglyceride metabolism: Insights into chylomicronemia - 04/12/23

Doi : 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115874

Shali Jiang ^a,^b, Zhuoqun Ren ^a,^b, Yutao Yang ^a,^b, Qiming Liu ^a, Shenghua Zhou ^a, Yichao Xiao ^a,^⁎
^a Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
^b Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China

^⁎Correspondence author.

Abstract

GPIHBP1 is a protein found in the endothelial cells of capillaries that is anchored by glycosylphosphatidylinositol and binds to high-density lipoproteins. GPIHBP1 attaches to lipoprotein lipase (LPL), subsequently carrying the enzyme and anchoring it to the capillary lumen. Enabling lipid metabolism is essential for the marginalization of lipoproteins alongside capillaries. Studies underscore the significance of GPIHBP1 in transporting, stabilizing, and aiding in the marginalization of LPL. The intricate interplay between GPIHBP1 and LPL has provided novel insights into chylomicronemia in recent years. Mutations hindering the formation or reducing the efficiency of the GPIHBP1-LPL complex are central to the onset of chylomicronemia. This review delves into the structural nuances of the GPIHBP1-LPL interaction, the consequences of mutations in the complex leading to chylomicronemia, and cutting-edge advancements in chylomicronemia treatment.

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Graphical Abstract

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Highlight

•	GPIHBP1 plays a crucial role in LPL-mediated lipid metabolism.
•	Lipoprotein lipase is also active in its monomeric form.
•	ANGPTLs, ApoC1, etc. may affect the formation of the GPIHBP1-LPL complex.
•	GPIHBP1-LPL complex is an innovative target to the treatment of Chylomicronemia.

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Keywords : GPIHBP1, Lipoprotein lipase, Triglycerides, Chylomicronemia