Being a central area to the individualʼs welfare and to the survival of species, it make us wonder why sexuality has been (given so little attention by scientific studies) so scarcely studied from a scientific point of view. As a matter of fact most of the papers obeying to a relative scientific rigor date from the last 40 or 50 years. In 1997 the WHO defined Sexual Health and the working group on Sexuality of WPA (2006) proposed a new definition and a teaching program for psychiatrists - “Sexual health may be defined as a dynamic and harmonious state involving erotic and reproductive experiences and fulfilment, within a broader physical, emotional, interpersonal, social and spiritual sense of well-being, in a cultural informed, freely and responsibly chosen, and ethical framework; not merely the absence of sexual disorders”.

In the conceptual basis of sexual health it is considered not only that comprehensive definition, but also the sexuality in the life cycle of human life, the policy and human rights, the communication in different levels, as doctor-patient relationships, couple and family, work place and mass media.

Educational considerations, scientific research aspects and Public Health perspectives are also commented.

What challenges do we face in this century? The importance of a program on Human Sexuality to be implemented through the WPA for the psychiatrists all over the world.