Évaluation sociodémographique, clinique et du parcours de jeu d’un échantillon de joueurs pathologiques français - 02/12/10
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Résumé |
L’objectif de ce travail était de décrire de façon multiaxiale un échantillon de 24 joueurs pathologiques français, consultant ou ayant consulté dans le centre de soins ambulatoires en addictologie du CHU de Nantes. Les participants ont complété, au cours d’un entretien individuel unique, un ensemble de questionnaires incluant une description des caractéristiques de jeu, un dépistage des comorbidités d’axe I et II et une évaluation dimensionnelle de la personnalité. Soixante-quinze pour cent de l’échantillon souffrait d’au moins une comorbidité psychiatrique d’axe I. Il s’agissait le plus souvent de troubles de l’humeur (66,7 %) et addictifs (54,2 %). Les troubles de la personnalité étaient fréquents (54,2 %), majoritairement du cluster B (29,2 %). Les scores d’impulsivité et d’alexithymie étaient supérieurs à la normale, à la différence de celui de recherche de sensations. Les résultats vont dans le sens de ceux rapportés dans la littérature internationale et témoignent de l’importance de pratiquer des évaluations multiaxiales dans le cadre du jeu pathologique, tant le poids des comorbidités est lourd.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Summary |
Introduction |
International studies estimate the incidence of pathological gambling among adults at 0.2–3%. Following the lead of Anglo-Saxon countries, France has only just begun to consider this “new” addiction in studying its own population of pathological gamblers, attempting to understand the causes of the illness, and proposing specific treatments.
Objective |
The purpose of this study was to carry out a multiaxial assessment of French pathological gamblers, current or former outpatients of the addiction ambulatory care center of the University Hospital of Nantes, in order to compare our findings with those of the international literature.
Method |
During a single personal interview, the participants filled in a set of questionnaires including a description of gambling characteristics (pathological gambling section in the DSM-IV, South Oaks Gambling Screen, gambling history), a screening for axis I (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and II (structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders), comorbidities and personality tests using a dimensional approach (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Sensation Seeking Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale). The number of subjects to include was not previously calculated, since the size of the sample depended upon each subject’s availability and on the inclusion time period limited to 4 months. Continuous variables were described in terms of means and standard deviations, while categorical variables were described in terms of percentages. The protocol was accepted by the Advisory Committee for the Protection of Biomedical Research Subjects.
Results |
Analysis of the findings was based on a sample of 24 subjects. Half of the subjects fell into severe pathological gambling. Gambling had started at an average age of 24.9 years (S.D.=12.3). The gambling problem appeared on average 9.4 years later (S.D.=8.1). Casinos (41.7%) and sports pools (45.8%) were the most commonly reported types of games. Seventy-five percent of the sample suffered from at least one axis I psychiatric comorbidity. Most common among these were current (20.9%) and past (37.5%) episodes of major depression. Risk of suicide was observed in 36% of subjects, and nearly half of them were not currently suffering from an episode of major depression. The second most common psychiatric comorbidity was substance abuse (including alcohol) (54.2%). Personality disorders were common (54.2%) and mainly cluster B disorders (29.2%). Impulsiveness and alexithymia scores were above average, unlike sensation seeking scores.
Conclusions |
The results go along the same lines as those mentioned in the international literature and show how important it is to carry out multidimensional assessments within the context of pathological gambling, since comorbidities are such a burden. This study brings to light several perspectives. It would be interesting to repeat the assessment using a much larger sample. We plan to study those factors that influence the emergence of pathological gambling, and the initiation of specific treatments for pathological gamblers. Upon completion, the study would allow us to propose the treatment that is best suited to each gambler’s profile.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Mots clés : Jeu pathologique, Évaluation, Comorbidités, Personnalité, Habitudes de jeu
Keywords : Pathological gambling, Assessment, Comorbidities, Personality, Gambling habits
Plan
Vol 36 - N° 6
P. 452-460 - décembre 2010 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
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