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Pain Sensitivity Risk Factors for Chronic TMD: Descriptive Data and Empirically Identified Domains from the OPPERA Case Control Study - 08/11/11

Doi : 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.08.006 
Joel D. Greenspan , Gary D. Slade , , §, Eric Bair §, , #, Ronald Dubner , Roger B. Fillingim ǂ, Richard Ohrbach ǁ, Charlie Knott , Flora Mulkey , Rebecca Rothwell §, William Maixner §, #
 Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, and Brotman Facial Pain Center, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 
 Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 
 Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 
§ Center for Neurosensory Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 
 Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 
# Department of Endodontics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 
ǂ Department of Community Dentistry & Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 
ǁ Department of Oral Diagnostic Services, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 
 Battelle Memorial Institute, Durham, North Carolina 

Address reprint requests to Joel D. Greenspan, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, 8 South, Univ. of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201.

Abstract

Many studies report that people with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are more sensitive to experimental pain stimuli than TMD-free controls. Such differences in sensitivity are observed in remote body sites as well as in the orofacial region, suggesting a generalized upregulation of nociceptive processing in TMD cases. This large case-control study of 185 adults with TMD and 1,633 TMD-free controls measured sensitivity to painful pressure, mechanical cutaneous, and heat stimuli, using multiple testing protocols. Based on an unprecedented 36 experimental pain measures, 28 showed statistically significantly greater pain sensitivity in TMD cases than controls. The largest effects were seen for pressure pain thresholds at multiple body sites and cutaneous mechanical pain threshold. The other mechanical cutaneous pain measures and many of the heat pain measures showed significant differences, but with lesser effect sizes. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the pain measures derived from 1,633 controls identified 5 components labeled: 1) heat pain ratings; 2) heat pain aftersensations and tolerance; 3) mechanical cutaneous pain sensitivity; 4) pressure pain thresholds; and 5) heat pain temporal summation. These results demonstrate that compared to TMD-free controls, chronic TMD cases are more sensitive to many experimental noxious stimuli at extracranial body sites, and provide for the first time the ability to directly compare the case-control effect sizes of a wide range of pain sensitivity measures.

Perspective

This article describes experimental pain sensitivity differences between a large sample of people with chronic TMD and non-TMD controls, using multiple stimulus modalities and measures. Variability in the magnitude and consistency of case-control differences highlight the need to consider multiple testing measures to adequately assess pain processing alterations in chronic pain conditions.

Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.

Key words : QST, chronic facial pain, heat pain, pressure pain, mechanical pain


Plan


 Supported by NIH grant U01DE017018. This material was also supported by the North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL. The OPPERA program also acknowledges resources specifically provided for this project by the respective host universities: University at Buffalo, University of Florida, University of Maryland-Baltimore, and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.
 Roger Fillingim and Gary Slade are consultants and equity stock holders, and William Maixner is a cofounder and equity stock holder in Algynomics, Inc., a company providing research services in personalized pain medication and diagnostics. Richard Ohrbach, Joel Greenspan, Charles Knott, Ronald Dubner, Eric Bair, Flora Mulkey and Rebecca Rothwell declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Portions of these data were presented at the 2010 Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Pain Society in Baltimore, MD.
 Supplementary data accompanying this article are available online at jpain.org and sciencedirect.com.


© 2011  American Pain Society. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.
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Vol 12 - N° 11S

P. T61-T74 - novembre 2011 Retour au numéro
Article précédent Article précédent
  • Potential Psychosocial Risk Factors for Chronic TMD: Descriptive Data and Empirically Identified Domains from the OPPERA Case-Control Study
  • Roger B. Fillingim, Richard Ohrbach, Joel D. Greenspan, Charles Knott, Ronald Dubner, Eric Bair, Cristina Baraian, Gary D. Slade, William Maixner
| Article suivant Article suivant
  • Potential Autonomic Risk Factors for Chronic TMD: Descriptive Data and Empirically Identified Domains from the OPPERA Case-Control Study
  • William Maixner, Joel D. Greenspan, Ronald Dubner, Eric Bair, Flora Mulkey, Vanessa Miller, Charles Knott, Gary D. Slade, Richard Ohrbach, Luda Diatchenko, Roger B. Fillingim

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