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Chronobiologic study of neuro-endocrine axis hormone sequence signalling in healthy men - 22/11/11

Doi : 10.1016/j.biomag.2011.06.008 
Gianluigi Mazzoccoli a, , Robert B. Sothern b, Valerio Pazienza c, Ada Piepoli c, Lucia Anna Muscarella c, Mariangela Pia Dagostino a, Francesco Giuliani d
a Department of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Cappuccini Avenue, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy 
b The Rhythmometry Laboratory, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA 
c Research Laboratory of Oncology and Gastroenterology, Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy 
d Computing Unit, Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy 

Corresponding author.

Abstract

The neuro-endocrine system function is characterized by a large number of circadian processes that signal each other in sequence with different rhythm phases over 24h. The morning peak of cortisol secretion and the nightly peak in melatonin secretion are well-known physiological phenomena. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion shows higher levels at night, whereas free thyroxine (FT4) levels do not seem to change with circadian rhythmicity. Similarly, growth hormone (GH) is secreted with higher levels at night, but insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 production shows only minor fluctuations over 24h. In order to look for rhythmicity and phasing (acrophase, Ø) in the dynamics of variation over 24h, we investigated adrenal and pineal gland, pituitary-thyroid axis, and GH-IGF-1 axis secretions of cortisol, melatonin, TSH, FT4, GH and total IGF-1 in serum levels every 4h for 24h from 11 healthy men, age: 35–53years. Circadian rhythmicity was evaluated for original values and for the fractional variation (FV) between single time point values that was calculated to evaluate the percentage change in rise and fall. A 24h cosine significantly described the circadian waveform for serum levels in cortisol, melatonin, TSH and GH (Ø=07:48h, 01:35h, 23:32h, 00:00h, respectively), while a 12h cosine significantly described two peaks for serum levels in FT4 (Ø=09:44h and 21:44h, P=0.038), and in IGF-1 (Ø=07:40h and 19:40h, P=0.013). A 24h cosine also significantly described the circadian waveform for FV of cortisol (02:00h), melatonin (22:29h), FT4 (05:14h), and GH (21:19h), while a 12h cosine significantly described two peaks for FV of TSH (04:28h for fall and 16:28h for rise), whereas FV of IGF-1 did not show a rhythmic pattern. Thus, maximal FV estimated by 24h Øs preceded maximal serum levels by 6h for cortisol and TSH, 5h for FT4, 3h for melatonin, 2.5h for GH, and 1h for IGF-1. When comparing 24h Øs for serum levels of hormone pairs, the peak for melatonin preceded that for cortisol by 6h, the peak for TSH preceded the first peak of FT4 by 10.5h, and the peak for GH preceded that for IGF-1 by 8h. When comparing FV pairs, the peak for melatonin surge preceded that for cortisol by 3.5h, the peak for TSH surge preceded that for FT4 by 13h, and the peak for GH rise preceded that for IGF-1 10h. In conclusion, the neuro-endocrine system function is characterized by circadian organization, with individual components showing different phasic patterns of time-related variations, and this array of rhythms undoubtedly underlies the maintenance of stable, but rhythmic and thus predictive, homeostatic processes in the human body.

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Keywords : Cortisol, Melatonin, TSH, Thyroxine, GH, IGF-1, Neuro-endocrine system, Circadian rhythmicity


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Vol 1 - N° 3

P. 129-137 - juillet 2011 Retour au numéro
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