Qualité de vie liée à la santé dans la dépression après stimulation magnétique transcrânienne basse fréquence - 20/02/14
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Résumé |
La stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétitive (rTMS) du cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral (CPFDL) a prouvé son efficacité dans le traitement des dépressions pharmacorésistantes. L’évaluation par les échelles de qualité de vie liée à la santé (QVLS) est nécessaire pour juger de l’efficacité des soins et des traitements administrés aux patients dépressifs, en complément de l’évaluation purement clinique. Toutefois, les mesures de QVLS restent sous-utilisées en psychiatrie dans le cadre de la recherche et de la pratique clinique. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’évaluer, dans une étude ouverte, l’efficacité de quatre semaines de traitement par rTMS basse fréquence du CPFDL droit en termes d’amélioration de la QVLS chez 33 patients, en utilisant le questionnaire SF-36. L’intensité des symptômes dépressifs et anxieux a été évaluée à l’aide de l’échelle de dépression de Beck (BDI-II) et la State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Après traitement, nous retrouvons une amélioration significative de cinq dimensions de la SF-36 : santé mentale (p=0,018), limitations dues à l’état mental (p=0,045), activité physique (p=0,008), limitations dues à l’état physique (p=0,002), douleurs physiques (p=0,013), et de son score composite physique (p=0,043). Six des huit dimensions mesurées par la SF-36 et ses deux scores composites montrent des tailles d’effet faibles à modérées (de 0,12 à 0,38). Nous retrouvons une amélioration significative de la BDI-II (p=0,002) et non significative de la STAI (p=0,393). L’amélioration de la composante mentale de la QVLS est significativement corrélée à l’amélioration des symptômes dépressifs. Des études contrôlées contre placebo ou traitement antidépresseur devront ultérieurement confirmer ces résultats.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Summary |
Background |
Major depressive disorder remains one of the leading causes of disability in developed countries despite pharmacological and psychological treatments. Patients with major depression have poorer health-related quality of life than persons of the general population, or patients with chronic somatic illness. Improvement of health-related quality of life in depression is thus a pertinent treatment objective. Both high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and low-frequency rTMS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have shown their effectiveness in medication-resistant depression. However, the Health-related Quality of Life questionnaire remains under-utilized to assess the effectiveness of rTMS in research or in a routine clinical setting. Our study aims to investigate in an open label trial the efficacy of low-frequency rTMS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on health-related quality of life and clinical outcomes in medication-resistant depression.
Methods |
In a naturalistic trial, 33 unipolar and bipolar patients with medication-resistant depression were treated with daily low-frequency rTMS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 4 weeks. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. The SF-36 is a generic, self-administered, and worldwide-used questionnaire, consisting of 36 items describing eight health dimensions: physical functioning, social functioning, role-physical problems, role-emotional problems, mental health, vitality, bodily pain, and general health. Physical component summary and mental component summary scores were then obtained. Depression severity was assessed using the 21-item self-report Beck Depression Inventory. Anxiety severity was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The SF-36, the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were assessed before and after low-frequency rTMS. The effect of rTMS treatment on the SF-36 and the clinical outcome was evaluated for significance with the Wilcoxon two-tailed signed-rank test. The reliable change index (RCI) was calculated to determine clinically significant change in the eight dimension and composite scores of the SF-36 from pre-intervention to post-intervention, at the level of individual patients. Effect size (r) was then calculated, r values from 0.1 to 0.29, 0.3 to 0.49 and from 0.5 were considered as indicating small, medium and large effect sizes, respectively. Correlations between improvement in Health-related Quality of Life and improvement in the other rating scale scores were calculated using Spearman's correlation test.
Results |
There were significant improvements of 37.6 % in the mental health (P=0.018), 130 % in the role-emotional problem (P=0.045), 15.5 % in the physical functioning (P=0.008), 110.6 % in the role-physical problem (P=0.002), 22.4 % in the bodily pain (P=0.013) dimensions, 6.1 % in the Physical Component Score (P=0.043), and 22,5 % in the Beck Depression Inventory (P=0.002). Eighteen patients (54 %) showed clinically significant improvement in one of the two composite scores after RCI calculation. Seven out of the eight SF-36 dimension scores and the two composite scores showed effect sizes ranging from 0.12 to 0.38, indicating small to moderate effect. Significant correlations were found between improvement in the Beck Depression Inventory and improvement in the Mental Component Score, the social functioning, the mental health, the general health, the vitality and the physical functioning dimensions.
Limitations |
Small sample size and non-controlled design.
Conclusion |
Low-frequency rTMS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves Health-related Quality of Life in unipolar and bipolar patients with medication-resistant depression. Improvement in mental health-related quality of life is significantly correlated with improvement in depressive symptoms. However, further studies with larger samples and controlled designs are needed to clarify our findings.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Mots clés : Dépression, Stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétée, Cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral droit, Qualité de vie liée à la santé
Keywords : Depressive disorder, Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Health-related quality of life
Plan
Vol 40 - N° 1
P. 74-80 - février 2014 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
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