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Comptes Rendus Géoscience
Volume 343, n° 7
pages 478-485 (juillet 2011)
Doi : 10.1016/j.crte.2011.07.003
Received : 11 April 2011 ;  accepted : 18 July 2011
Tectonique, tectonophysique / Tectonics, tectonophysics

The Fish River canyon (Southern Namibia): A record of Cenozoic mantle dynamics?
Le canyon de la Fish River (Sud de la Namibie) : un marqueur de dynamique mantellique ?
 

François Mvondo a , Olivier Dauteuil b, , François Guillocheau b
a Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, BP 24157, Douala, Cameroon 
b UMR-CNRS 6118, géosciences Rennes, University of Rennes 1, UEB, 35042 Rennes cedex, France 

Corresponding author.
Abstract

Intracontinental elevated plateaus remain geomorphologic features which are poorly studied. Their genesis requires a coupling between climate and deformation. The Fish River canyon (southern Namibia), the second largest canyon of the Earth, carved the South-African plateau on 550m along 65km. This study reveals that the upper and the lower segments are shaped by NE–SW and north-south grabens, respectively. These deformations increased the meandering and the vertical incision mainly in the lower canyon. However the river main trend was not drastically modified attesting that the river was ancient and that the rate of the vertical displacement was slow compared to the erosion rate. The main incision occurred during a NW–SE stretching of Plio-Pleistocene. These stretching episodes belong to two deformation phases previously poorly described in the South-African plateau. These widespread stretching phases are interpreted as a result of deep mantle dynamics affecting the inner African continent.

Résumé

Les plateaux intracontinentaux élevés sont des objets géomorphologiques peu étudiés. Leur formation résulte d’un couplage subtil entre climat et déformation. Le canyon de la rivière Fish (Sud Namibie) a creusé le plateau sur 550m le long de 65km. Cette étude révèle que les parties supérieure et inférieure du canyon sont structurées par des grabens respectivement NE–SW et nord-sud. Ces déformations ont permis le développement de méandres et d’une incision verticale, notamment dans la partie inférieure du canyon. Cependant, le cours principal de la rivière n’a pas été modifié attestant que la rivière est ancienne et que le taux du déplacement vertical a été lent par rapport au taux de l’érosion. L’incision principale s’est produite au cours d’un étirement NW–SE du Plio-Pléistocène. Ces épisodes appartiennent à deux phases de déformation mal décrites sur le plateau sud-africain et sont interprétés comme un résultat de la dynamique du manteau profond.


Keywords : Canyon, Namibia, Tectonics, Mantle

Mots clés : Canyon, Namibie, Tectonique, Manteau




© 2011  Published by Elsevier Masson SAS de la part de Académie des sciences.
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