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Journal of Neuroradiology
Sous presse. Epreuves corrigées par l'auteur. Disponible en ligne depuis le jeudi 16 février 2012
Doi : 10.1016/j.neurad.2011.12.005
Gadolinium enhancement in brain magnetic resonance imaging in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab monotherapy: Is it really atypical?
Rehaussement après injection de gadolinium de lésions de leucoencéphalopathie multiple progressive à l’IRM après traitement isolé par natalizumab : est-ce vraiment atypique ?
 

F.-X. Arnaud a, ⁎, 1 , A. Hissene a, 1, D. Métivier a, F. Dutasta b, O. Berets b, B. N’Guema a, C. A’Teriitéhau a, J. Baccialone a, J. Potet a
a Department of Radiology, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, 92141 Clamart cedex, France 
b Department of Internal Medicine and Rhumatology, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, 92141 Clamart cedex, France 

Corresponding author.
Summary

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) generally occurs in patients with impaired cellular immunity. Monoclonal antibodies also predispose the patient to PML as they depress the immune system. PML was classically characterized by a lack of inflammation and absence of gadolinium enhancement. However, gadolinium enhancement of PML lesions was first described in HIV-positive patients under therapy. We present a case of gadolinium enhanced PML lesions occuring after natalizumab monotherapy of a relapsing multiple sclerosis. Radiologists must be aware of this particular feature, as confirmation of the diagnostic of PML becomes more challenging. Namely, distinction between starting PML and multiple sclerosis enhanced additional active lesion is difficult and diagnosis must be established by combined analysis of full clinical evolution, brain MRI scans, and polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid.


Keywords : Nataluzimab, Gadolinum enhancement, Multiple sclerosis, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Magnetic resonance imaging


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Introduction
Case report
Discussion
Conclusion
Disclosure of interest
1  Both authors contributed equally to this work.


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Start of article
Introduction
Case report
Discussion
Conclusion
Disclosure of interest
References