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European Psychiatry
Sous presse. Epreuves corrigées par l'auteur. Disponible en ligne depuis le vendredi 4 mai 2012
Doi : 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.02.006
Received : 21 December 2011 ;  accepted : 26 February 2012
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for psychiatric disorders: A comprehensive review
 

F.S. Bersani a, ⁎ , A. Minichino a, P.G. Enticott b, L. Mazzarini d, e, N. Khan a, G. Antonacci f, R.N. Raccah g, M. Salviati a, R. Delle Chiaie a, G. Bersani c, P.B. Fitzgerald b, M. Biondi a
a Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 
b Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 
c Department of Medical–Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 
d Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 
e Department of Neuropsychiatry, Villa Rosa, Suore Hospitaliere of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Viterbo, Italy 
f Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, UK 
g ATID Ltd Advanced Technology Innovation Distribution, Rome, Italy 

Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 3405165865; fax: +39 0649914728.
Abstract

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique of neuromodulation and neurostimulation based on the principle of electromagnetic induction of an electric field in the brain. The coil (H-coil) used in deep TMS is able to modulate cortical excitability up to a maximum depth of 6cm and is therefore able not only to modulate the activity of the cerebral cortex but also the activity of deeper neural circuits. Deep TMS is largely used for the treatment of drug-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and is being tested to treat a very wide range of neurological, psychiatric and medical conditions. The aim of this review is to illustrate the biophysical principles of deep TMS, to explain the pathophysiological basis for its utilization in each psychiatric disorder (major depression, autism, bipolar depression, auditory hallucinations, negative symptoms of schizophrenia), to summarize the results presented thus far in the international scientific literature regarding the use of deep TMS in psychiatry, its side effects and its effects on cognitive functions.


Keywords : Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, H-coil, Major depression, Autism, Bipolar disorder, Auditory hallucinations, Negative symptoms, Schizophrenia


OutlineMasquer le plan
Introduction
Biophysics of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation
Treatment administration
Contraindications and side effects of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation as treatment for major depressive disorder
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation as treatment for auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation as treatment for negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation as treatment of bipolar depression
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation as treatment of autism spectrum disorders
Effect of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive functions
Conclusion
Disclosure of interest


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