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Hypoglycaemia requiring medical assistance in patients with diabetes: A prospective multicentre survey in tertiary hospitals - 19/11/14

Doi : 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.10.006 
S. Liatis a, , M. Mylona a, S. Kalopita b, A. Papazafiropoulou c, S. Karamagkiolis d, A. Melidonis e, A. Xilomenos f, I. Ioannidis g, G. Kaltsas h, L. Lanaras b, S. Papas c, C. Basagiannis a, A. Kokkinos a
a First Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Centre, Athens University Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece 
b Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Lamia, Lamia, Greece 
c Third Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Centre, Nikaia General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece 
d Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece 
e Diabetes Centre, Tzaneio Hospital, Piraeus, Greece 
f Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Agrinio, Agrinio, Greece 
g Diabetes Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Konstantopouleio Hospital, Athens, Greece 
h Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Athens University Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece 

Corresponding author. First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Ag. Thoma 17, 11527 Athens, Greece.
En prensa. Pruebas corregidas por el autor. Disponible en línea desde el Wednesday 19 November 2014
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Abstract

Aim

Hypoglycaemia is considered a factor contributing to morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the frequency, clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and outcomes of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia requiring medical assistance.

Methods

Eight hospitals participated in this prospective survey of documented iatrogenic hypoglycaemia at their emergency departments. Cases with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were compared with a control group, consisting of patients visiting the outpatients’ diabetes clinics of the same hospitals during the same time period.

Results

Median survey duration was 16.5 months, and 295 episodes of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia were recorded. Frequency varied across centres from 0.25 to 0.78 cases per 100 presenting patients. Most cases (90.8%) were observed in patients with T2D (mean age: 76.7±10.1 years), while 8.1% of events were recorded in patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age: 42.7±18.3 years). Total in-hospital mortality was 3.4%, and all involved patients with T2D. In T2D patients, advanced age (OR: 1.3 [1.20–1.45] for 5-year increase), use of sulphonylureas (OR: 4.0 [2.5–6.36]), use of insulin (OR: 2.35 [1.42–3.95]), lower estimated GFR (OR: 1.15 [1.07–1.23] at 10mL/min) and number of comorbidities (OR: 1.74 [1.34–2.27]) were each independently associated with hypoglycaemia requiring medical assistance.

Conclusion

Hypoglycaemia requiring medical assistance in patients with diabetes is a moderately common condition seen in emergency departments and has a mortality rate of 3.4%. The majority of cases involve elderly individuals with T2D who are suffering from serious comorbidities and treated with insulin and/or sulphonylureas.

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Keywords : Hypoglycaemia, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes


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