The mitral stenosis (MS) is the most frequent valvular disease in developing countries, it is most often due to rheumatic fever. It mainly affects the young woman. The aim of our study was to compare the characteristics of the MS by gender.

This is a descriptive and analytical retrospective study, conducted at University Hospital cardiology department Casablanca, from January to June 2014, which included 45 patients with a sever MS. We compared 2 groups: Group I (men), Group II (women). The study analysis was made by SPSS Version 20 software.

We compiled two groups: 13 men 28.9% (group I) and 32 women 71.1% (group II).

The comparison of clinical data (history of rheumatic fever, throat repeatedly, stage dyspnea, palpitations) revealed no significant difference, by against there is a higher incidence of electrical hypertrophy left atrial in group I (p<0.001).

Regarding echocardiographic data, in men, the left atrium was more dilated (p: 0.049), mitral surface was tighter (p: 0.024) and the dilatation of right ventricular was more common (54% vs 28% with p: 0.036). There was no significant difference in the mean gradient, calcifications and the therapeutic indication.

Our study suggested that the MS in men, is tighter with more impact on the size of the left atrium as well as that of right ventricul, without valvular anatomical difference and therefore no influence on the therapeutic indications.