Intelligence émotionnelle et anorexie mentale : liens avec la symptomatologie alimentaire et perspectives thérapeutiques - 03/03/16
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Résumé |
Les difficultés émotionnelles pourraient être impliquées dans le maintien de l’anorexie mentale (AM) et constituer des cibles thérapeutiques pertinentes. Peu d’études ont abordé cette question par le biais du concept d’intelligence émotionnelle (IE). L’objectif principal de cette étude était d’évaluer l’IE perçue de patientes souffrant d’AM sévère comparativement à des témoins. Un second objectif était d’explorer les liens entre IE et sévérité clinique (IMC, durée d’évolution de la maladie, symptomatologie alimentaire et anxio-dépressive). L’IE perçue (mesurée par la Trait Meta-Mood Scale [TMMS]), la symptomatologie alimentaire (mesurée par l’Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire [EDEQ]) et anxio-dépressive (mesurée par la Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) ont été évaluées chez 75 patientes souffrant d’AM. Nos résultats indiquent que les patientes souffrant d’AM présentent des niveaux d’IE inférieurs à ceux de sujets témoins. Seuls les scores de Réparation à la TMMS étaient associés négativement à la symptomatologie alimentaire. Les scores de dépression et d’anxiété étaient négativement associés aux scores de Clarté et de Réparation de la TMMS. Après ajustement sur les scores d’anxiété et de dépression, l’association entre les scores de Réparation de la TMMS et les scores à l’EDEQ ne survivait pas. Les résultats de cette étude confirment l’importance de considérer les difficultés émotionnelles dans le traitement de l’AM. Cependant, d’autres recherches sont nécessaires pour préciser le rôle des affects anxio-dépressifs dans l’association entre IE et symptomatologie alimentaire.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Summary |
Introduction |
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a difficult-to-treat illness characterized, inter alia, by an intense fear of weight gain and disturbed body image (APA, 2013). Current models of AN implicate socio-emotional difficulties in the development and maintenance of the illness (Schmidt and Treasure, 2006; Treasure and Schmidt, 2013). These difficulties have rarely been addressed through the concept of emotional intelligence (EI). EI can be defined as the ability to express, perceive, understand and reason with emotion and the ability to regulate emotion in oneself and others (Mayer and Salovey, 1997). Among non-clinical samples, studies showed that eating disorders are associated with a low level of EI (Costarelli et al., 2009; Filaire et al., 2011; Zysberg and Rubanov, 2010). To date, only one study raised this question in a clinical sample of patients suffering from AN and found no link between EI levels and eating disorders symptomatology (Hambrook et al., 2012). The main aim of this study was to evaluate EI levels in a large sample of women hospitalized for severe AN, and to explore links between EI and Body Mass Index (BMI), duration of illness, eating disorders symptomatology, anxiety and depression.
Methods |
Seventy-five women with restrictive AN were recruited in the larger context of a randomized controlled trial (Trecogam, ClinicalTrial.gov id: NCT01772394). A few weeks following their admission in the hospital, participants completed a series of self-reports evaluating perceived EI (Trait Meta-Mood Scale [TMMS]), eating disorders symptomatology (Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire [EDEQ]), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]). TMMS scores of the patients suffering from AN were compared to scores of healthy women collected for the validation of the French TMMS (Maria, 2014). Focused Principal Components Analyses (fPCA) were conducted on each dimension of the TMMS to explore the relationship between these dimensions and the clinical variables. Finally, in order to determine the impact of anxiety and depression on the link between TMMS dimensions and eating disorders symptomatology, partial correlations were conducted.
Results |
In the present study, inter-group comparisons showed that patients had lower scores for the three dimensions of TMMS than healthy women of a similar age. Regarding BMI, no link was found with any of the three TMMS scores. Results showed that only TMMS Repair scores were associated with EDEQ scores. Levels of depression and anxiety were significantly associated with the TMMS Clarity and Repair scores. When these HADS scores were taken into account, the link between TMMS Repair and EDEQ scores was no longer significant (rajusted HADS=−.09; NS).
Discussion |
Our results are coherent with the literature suggesting that people suffering from AN present serious emotional difficulties (Brockmeyer et al., 2012; Fox et al., 2013; Harrison et al., 2009, 2010; Oldershaw et al., 2011). Data also suggests that patients who report greater difficulties in emotional regulation present a higher level of eating disorders symptoms. However, in line with the only study on EI and severity of eating orders symptomatology (Hambrook et al., 2012), results show that this link was not present when the level of depression and anxiety was taken into account, suggesting that anxio-depressive affects play a role in this link. More research is needed to further understand the relationship between emotional difficulties, anxio-depressive symptoms and eating disorders symptomatology. This would confirm the relevance of therapeutic programs targeting the improvement of emotional skills.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Mots clés : Intelligence émotionnelle, Anorexie mentale, Symptomatologie alimentaire, Anxiété, Dépression, Approches thérapeutiques
Keywords : Emotional intelligence, Anorexia nervosa, Eating disorders symptoms, Anxiety, Depression, Therapeutics
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Vol 26 - N° 1
P. 12-20 - mars 2016 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
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