Adaptation et validation française du « Family Needs Questionnaire » : évaluation des besoins familiaux des parents d’enfants avec troubles du spectre de l’autisme - 19/11/16
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Résumé |
La présence d’un enfant avec troubles du spectre de l’autisme a un impact considérable au sein de la famille. Les interventions centrées sur la famille sont donc pertinentes, mais nécessitent d’être orientées selon les besoins qu’elles rencontrent. Or aucun instrument évaluant les besoins familiaux n’a encore été validé en français. Cette étude a pour objectif d’adapter et de valider la version française du Family Needs Questionnaire qui évalue les besoins familiaux des parents d’enfants avec troubles du spectre de l’autisme. Deux cent soixante-dix parents d’enfants avec TSA ont pris part à notre étude (241 mères et 29 pères). Une analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE) a été réalisée proposant un modèle composé de cinq facteurs : besoins centrés sur la collaboration parents-professionnels, besoins en répit et temps personnel, besoins en guidance et accompagnement psychologique, besoins centrés sur l’école et besoin centrés sur la vie sociale de l’enfant. Ce questionnaire montre une fiabilité élevée (α=0,90) et de nombreuses corrélations avec le Family Needs Survey et la WHOQOL, ce qui indique une bonne validité externe. Ces résultats permettent donc de valider la version française du FNQ.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Summary |
Introduction |
The presence of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a significant impact on family life, especially on the quality of life, stress level and the presence of depressive disorders. Family-centered interventions are relevant, but they need to be oriented according to the needs faced by the family. However, family-centered interventions remain limited and often unadjusted to parents’ needs, concerns or wishes, and no instrument assessing family needs has been validated in French yet. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the French version of the Family Needs Questionnaire (Siklos and Kerns, 2006), adapted from Waaland et al. (1993) for parents of children with ASD.
Method |
Two hundred and seventy parents of children with ASD, aged between 2–18 years old (M=8.9; SD=4.2) participated in the study (241 mothers and 29 fathers). The FNQ was translated and adapted in French, to be consistent with the French context. Thus, 9 items were removed and 5 were added to finally obtain a 50-item questionnaire. This questionnaire was coupled with two other questionnaires in order to evaluate convergent validity: the WHOQOL-Bref (WHOQOL Group, 1994) and the Family Needs Survey (Bailey et al., 1992). The last questionnaire was not available in French, so it was translated and back-translated, as for the FNQ.
Results |
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the Principal Component Analysis method, with Oblimin rotation, favored a five-factor solution for the FNQ-Fr items. The five components were: Parent-professional collaboration (13 items), Respite and personal time (10 items), Psychological support and guidance (9 items), School centered needs (4 items), and Child's social life (5 items). Reliability was good for the overall questionnaire (α=0.90) and for the majority of subscales (Cronbach's alpha between 0.67 and 0.85). Pearson correlations were then calculated to examine relationships between the scores on the FNQ-Fr and the Family Needs Survey subscales, and between the scores of the FNQ-Fr and the WHOQOL-Bref subscales, with 7 and 5 subscales respectively. All of the FNQ-Fr subscales were correlated with at least 3 of the FNS and the WHOQOL-Bref subscales.
Discussion |
Two subscales of the FNQ-Fr, school centered needs and Child's social life centered needs, are not usually reported in family needs questionnaires (Bailey et al., 1992; Tan, 2014; Ueda et al., 2013; Waaland et al., 1993). We can, therefore, hypothesize that these needs are specific to parents of children with ASD. Further study is needed to compare family needs of parents of children with ASD to parents of children with other neurodevelopmental disorders. Some limits can be observed with this study. First, the majority of respondents were mothers (89%); few fathers participated to our study. Although the difference of participation between mothers and fathers is regularly found in this type of study, it is possible that with a similar percentage of mothers and fathers the results may differ, particularly for the factor analysis. Further research with an equal number of mothers and fathers may be interesting. And finally, the FNS has not been validated in French, so it would be interesting to validate and review the factor structure on a sample of French parents.
Conclusion |
The results indicate that this questionnaire is adequate to evaluate the needs of French families of children with ASD. Moreover, this instrument can be used from a clinical and a research perspective to evaluate the needs of parents of children with ASD, and could be relevant for policy makers in order to implement or improve family-centered interventions.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Mots clés : Validation, Questionnaire, Besoin, Famille, TSA
Keywords : Validation, Questionnaire, Needs, Family, ASD
Plan
☆ | Organismes de recherche ayant soutenu ce travail : université Toulouse 2 Jean-Jaurès – Laboratoire CERPPS. |
☆☆ | Congrès où le travail a été présenté : « Validation of a questionnaire assessing the needs of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder ». VIIIe congreso internacional y XIIIe congreso nacional de psicologia clinica. Communication affichée présentée le 22 novembre 2015 à Grenade (Espagne). |
Vol 26 - N° 4
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