Bedside diagnostics in dermatology : Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections - 14/12/17

Doi : 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.06.034

Karolyn A. Wanat, MD ^a, Arturo R. Dominguez, MD ^b,^c, Zachary Carter, BS ^d, Pedro Legua, MD ^e, Beatriz Bustamante, MD ^e,^f, Robert G. Micheletti, MD ^g,^h,^⁎
^a Department of Dermatology, Pathology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
^b Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
^c Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
^d University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
^e Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt,” Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
^f Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Tropicales y Dermatológicas, Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
^g Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
^h Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

^∗Correspondence to: Robert G. Micheletti, MD, Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 2 Maloney Bldg, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Departments of Dermatology and MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania2 Maloney Bldg, 3400 Spruce StPhiladelphiaPA19104

Abstract

Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections are frequently encountered in clinical practice, resulting in numerous cutaneous manifestations. Although diagnosis of these infections has changed over time because of technological advancements, such as polymerase chain reaction, bedside diagnostic techniques still play an important role in diagnosis and management, enabling rapid and low-cost diagnosis and implementation of appropriate therapies. This 2-part article will review both common and infrequent uses of bedside diagnostic techniques that dermatologists can incorporate into daily practice. This article examines the utility of bedside tests for the diagnosis of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. The second article in this series reviews the use of bedside diagnostics for parasitic and noninfectious disorders.

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Key words : acid-fast, bedside diagnosis, cytology, Gram stain, slit-skin, Ziehl–Neelsen

Abbreviations used : CBE, H&E, HFMD, HSV, KOH, MC, PCR, SJS, SSSS, TEN, VZV

Plan

	Funding sources: None.
	Conflicts of interest: None declared.
	Reprints not available from the authors.
	Date of release: August 2017
	Expiration date: August 2020