Medical and mental disorder: Proposed definition and criteria - 06/09/18
Troubles médicaux et mentaux : définition et critères proposés
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Abstract |
There was a need for a definition of mental disorder in the preparation of the Third Edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III). Decisions had to be made on a variety of issues that seemed to us to relate to the fundamental question of the boundaries of the concept of mental disorder. Without some definition of mental disorder, there would be no explicit guiding principles that would help to determine which conditions should be included in the nomenclature, which excluded, and how conditions included should be defined. This article describes a definition of and criteria for medical disorders. The definition of mental disorder proposed here is merely a subset of the definition of medical disorder, it contributes to the continuing debate concerning the appropriateness of the medical model as applied to psychiatric disturbance. The proposed definition is: “A medical disorder is a relatively distinct condition resulting from an organismic dysfunction which in its fully developed or extreme form is directly and intrinsically associated with distress, disability, or certain other types of disadvantage. The disadvantage may be of a physical, perceptual, sexual, or interpersonal nature. Implicitly there is a call for action on the part of the person who has the condition, the medical or its allied professions, and society. A mental disorder is a medical disorder whose manifestations are primarily signs or symptoms of a psychological (behavioral) nature, or if physical, can be understood only using psychological concepts”. Operational criteria are proposed to provide sufficient evidence for both an organismic dysfunction and justification for societal recognition of the appropriateness of the sick role. A condition must meet all criteria to be considered a medical disorder. Each of the criteria follows with explication of key concepts.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Mental disorder, DSM-III, Classification, Operational criteria, Dysfunction, Distress, Disability, Impairment, Disadvantage, Robert Spitzer
Plan
☆ | Initially published in: Critical issues in psychiatric diagnosis, edited by Robert L. Spitzer and Donald F. Klein. Raven Press, New York, 1978. |
☆☆ | The original article did not have abstract or keywords. They are proposed by the translators of the French version of the paper: Jean-Arthur MICOULAUD-FRANCHI (Service d’explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, Clinique du sommeil, CHU de Bordeaux / USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, CHU Pellegrin, Université de Bordeaux, France) et Clélia QUILES (Pôle universitaire de psychiatrie adulte, centre hospitalier Charles-Perrens, Bordeaux / Centre référent de réhabilitation psychosociale Nouvelle Aquitaine Sud, Bordeaux, France). |
⁎ | Correspondence. jarthur.micoulaud@gmail.com (J.-A. Micoulaud Franchi). |
Vol 176 - N° 7
P. 656-665 - septembre 2018 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
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