Despite recent advances, non-small cell lung cancer carries a grim prognosis. For appropriate treatment selection, the updated guidelines recommend broad molecular profiling for all patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Precise histological subtyping and targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) testing are mandatory.

Herein, we assessed the EGFR mutation status of 26 formalin fixed-paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples of lung adenocarcinoma. Mutational analysis concerned exons 18–21 of EGFR by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real time-PCR) using the Therascreen EGFR RGQ PCR mutation kit. ALK status was established on 22 among 26 patients using D5F3 antibody with a fully automated Ventana CDx technique.

Activating EGFR mutations were found in 3 men among 26 patients (11.5%). Positive ALK expression was found in 2 cases among 22 patients (9.09%).

Frequency of EGFR mutations in pulmonary adenocarcinomas of our series is similar to that found in the European ones with some particularities. The mutations detected are uncommon. Whereas, we found a high frequency of positive ALK expression in our series compared to frequency reported in literature. Further studies with larger Tunisian series are required to obtain more conclusive results.