Gut microbiome and bone - 15/01/19
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Highlights |
• | The gut microbiome influences bone formation, most notably by affecting osteoclast differentiation. |
• | Alterations in the gut microbiome are involved in osteoporosis. |
• | The gut microbiome acts on bone tissue via complex mechanisms that include hormone level changes, T-cell activation and modifications in cytokine production. |
Abstract |
The gut microbiome is now viewed as a tissue that interacts bidirectionally with the gastrointestinal, immune, endocrine and nervous systems, affecting the cellular responses in numerous organs. Evidence is accumulating of gut microbiome involvement in a growing number of pathophysiological processes, many of which are linked to inflammatory responses. More specifically, data acquired over the last decade point to effects of the gut microbiome on bone mass regulation and on the development of bone diseases (such as osteoporosis) and of inflammatory joint diseases characterized by bone loss. Mice lacking a gut microbiome have bone mass alteration that can be reversed by gut recolonization. Changes in the gut microbiome composition have been reported in mice with estrogen-deficiency osteoporosis and have also been found in a few studies in humans. Probiotic therapy decreases bone loss in estrogen-deficient animals. The effect of the gut microbiome on bone tissue involves complex mechanisms including modulation of CD4+T cell activation, control of osteoclastogenic cytokine production and modifications in hormone levels. This complexity may contribute to explain the discrepancies observed betwwen some studies whose results vary depending on the age, gender, genetic background and treatment duration. Further elucidation of the mechanisms involved is needed. However, the available data hold promise that gut microbiome manipulation may prove of interest in the management of bone diseases.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Osteoclasts, Osteoporosis, Osteoimmunology, T lymphocytes, Gut microbiome
Plan
Vol 86 - N° 1
P. 43-47 - janvier 2019 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
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