Chikungunya disease among infants in French West Indies during the 2014 outbreak - 05/07/19

Doi : 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.05.014

A. Gavotto ^a,^b,^⁎ , B. Muanza ^a, F. Delion ^a, J.-A. Dusacre ^a, P. Amedro ^b
^a Pediatric emergency, University Hospital, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
^b Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Center, University Hospital, Physiology and Experimental Biology of Heart and Muscles Laboratory - PHYMEDEXP, UMR CNRS 9214–INSERM U1046, Montpellier, France

^⁎Corresponding author. Service de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 avenue du doyen Gaston-Giraud, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.Service de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve371 avenue du doyen Gaston-Giraud34295 Montpellier cedex 5France

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Abstract

Background

We aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory features of Chikungunya disease in infants aged from 1 month to 2years.

Methods

This epidemiologic study was carried out at the Pointe-à-Pitre University Hospital from May to September 2014. We collected data prospectively from infants hospitalized for Chikungunya disease.

Results

A total of 154 infants were included. Hyperthermia was greater than 38.5°C the first 48h and during on average 2.7 days. Pain (on mobilization and/or cutaneous hyperesthesia and/or arthralgia) was present in 82% of the cases. Loss of appetite was reported for 62% of the infants. Initial maculopapular erythematous eruption occurred in 69% of the cases. A vesiculobullous eruption was secondarily observed in 7% of the cases. Edema on the feet and/or hands was present in 48% of the cases. Febrile seizure was observed in 12% of the cases. Lymphopenia was the most frequent laboratory finding, present in 94% of the infants. No cases of thrombocytopenia were observed. The reported complications were: bullous epidermolysis, state of epilepticus, and severe acute hepatitis.

Conclusion

This study highlights a suggestive clinical presentation of Chikungunya diseases combining pain, fever, tachycardia, foot and/or hand edema. Lymphopenia, monocytosis, and the absence of thrombocytopenia were relevant biological signs.

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Keywords : Chikungunya, Fever, Arbovirus, French West Indies, Pediatrics, Infant