Two chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies - Tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah^™) and Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta^™) - have been approved for commercial use. In order to inform forthcoming EBMT guidelines on the management of adults and children undergoing autologous CAR T-cell therapy, we undertook a survey of experienced clinicians.

An online survey with a dual focus on (1) ‘real world’ patient eligibility criteria and (2) models of care for patient follow-up was sent to experienced physicians.

There were 41 respondents (10 countries) and 93% worked in FACT-JACIE-accredited transplant centres. Most felt that a history of malignancy (57%), prior allo-HCT for B-NHL (78%–81%) and prior treatment with anti-CD19/CD3 BiTE antibodies (76%–86%) do not constitute contra-indications to CAR T therapy. Clinicians were divided as to whether CNS involvement represented an exclusion criterion. There was agreement that patients with viral infections (HIV, Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C) are not eligible. There is no common model of care for long-term follow-up. Most respondents believed that patients should attend the hospital two (43%) to three (33%) times weekly during the first month following discharge. A majority (69%) of respondents work in centres where there is an MDT meeting with a specific focus on follow-up following CAR T Therapy. Follow-up care is currently delivered either in HCT or haematology-oncology outpatient clinics.

The responses reveal wide variation in perceived patient eligibility criteria and highlight the need for consensus guidelines. The findings also illustrate the embryonic nature of current follow-up arrangements.