Japan provides many lessons for the Environmental Neurology's issues. Drama and disasters have paved the recent history of Japan. The Japanese people have been intoxicated by chemical compounds (methylmercury, sulfur dioxide, cadmium, PCBs and other dioxin-related compounds) and were the victims of several dramatic disasters (atomic bombing, nuclear disaster, sarin gas attack). They are still exposed to air pollution. Prion diseases including dura-graft-associated CJD are still an issue. In addition, continuously spreading chronic wasting disease is a worldwide challenge .