Cardiac (Cd) involvement represents a great problem in newborns and infants of diabetic mother (IDMs).

To present of the main clinical aspects and the value of the echocardiography (echo) for the investigation of the Cd involvement in IDMs.

Patients - 86 IDMs which were assessed in the first week of life and also at 6–12 months (44 pts), by: clinical exam, ECG, RxCT, echocardiography (Echo)±fetal echo.

Clinical exam: 32 patients=systolic murmur, the other being asymptomatic or with signs for other pathology than Cd disease. ECG: LV hypertrophy (21) and disturbed ventricular repolarisation (39). RxCT: cardiomegaly (18 patients). Echo: non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP), septal thickness: 53 patients, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn-PPHN (9), LV diastolic dysfunction and normal systolic function (63% patients), congenital cardiac malformations: 30% pts. Infants received 1mg/kg spironolactone daily for 2 months, then 1mg/kg alternating dose for 2 months. Re-evaluation of 44 pts at 6–12 months: 31patients: normal morphological cardiac aspect or significant reduction of HCMP (11), all with normal diastolic and systolic LV function.

Infant of diabetic mother presents a high risk for cardiac involvement, either cardiac congenital malformations (30% of cases) and/or HCMP (63.95% patients) associated with LV diastolic dysfunction and PPHN. The study proved usefulness early cardiological screening of the IDMS, even in absence of cardiac signs, and where possible and foetal echocardiography. Postnatal Echo is the most sensitive method of non-invasive diagnosis for cardiac involvement of infant of diabetic mother, as well as for follow-up.