Hematological malignancies are the most common tumors in pediatrics. Anthracyclines represent the molecule of choice in their treatments, and are responsible for improving survival. Their cardiovascular complications, increased the morbidity.

Evaluate diagnostic echocardiographic parameters of early cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines in children.

Prospective observational study (18months) including 43patients followed in onco-hematology for hematological malignancy, on anthracycline, who had a cardiovascular assessment and follow-up.

The average age is 7.4years (range 6 months to 16years), with male predominance (sex ratio=2.07). All patients were followed for hematologic malignancy: 14cases of LH, 12cases of NHL, 12cases of ALL, and 5cases of AML. 21patients were in treatment, 12patients in remission, and 10patients scheduled for bone marrow transplantation. All patients were on anthracyclines, with an average cumulative dose of 223mg/m². A complete cardiovascular assessment was performed in all patients with a control before each treatment in patients in treatment and every 3months in patients in remission. Echocardiographic parameters that varied significantly in post chemotherapy were: Ea, Sa, and SGL. Tissue Doppler parameters decreased in 14% of cases after an average cumulative dose of 160mg/m². SGL decreased significantly in 7% of cases after an average cumulative anthracycline dose of 290mg/m².

The tissue doppler and the global longitudinal strain have an interest in both the child and the adult in the early detection of anthracycline cardiotoxicity, allowing better management.