Shengbai decoction (SBD), a famous Chinese herbal prescription, has been used for treatment of leukopenia for decades in China. In this study, its synergistic antitumor effect in combination with cyclophosphamide (CTX) on melanoma-bearing mice was

investigated. A total of forty C57BL/6 male mice successfully modeled (6–8 weeks old, 18−22 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): 1) the model group, 2) the CTX group, 3) the low dose of SBD (10.66 g/kg/d, raw medicine) and CTX group, and 4) the high dose of SBD (31.98 g/kg/d, raw medicine) and CTX group. Melanoma mice models were established by injection of 0.1 mL of melanoma cell suspension under the midline of the back of each C57BL/6 mouse. Treatment started five days after modeling. The results showed that SBD significantly alleviated histopathological damage, and reduced tumor growth and the concentrations of IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α in serum. Furthermore, the combined therapy increased the positive expression of NF-κB and promoted apoptosis compared with CTX alone. These results indicated that SBD could improve the antitumor effect of CTX on melanoma in vivo. And this combination treatment may be an ideal therapy against melanoma.