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Overturning the Paradigm of Spinal Muscular Atrophy as Just a Motor Neuron Disease - 23/07/20

Doi : 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.01.003 
Crystal Jing Jing Yeo, MD, PhD, MRCP(UK) a, b, c, d, e, f, , Basil T. Darras, MD a, b,
a Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Center and SMA Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 
b Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 
c Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 
d Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 
e Translational Neuromuscular Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 
f Experimental Drug Development Center, Singapore 

Communications should be addressed to: Dr. Yeo; Medical Director; Experimental Drug Development Center; Group Leader; Translational Neuromuscular Medicine Laboratory; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore; and Associated Staff; Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA.Experimental Drug Development Center; Group Leader; Translational Neuromuscular Medicine Laboratory; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore; and Associated Staff; Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA∗∗Communications should be addressed to: Dr. Darras; Chief; Division of Clinical Neurology; Department of Neurology; Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA.Division of Clinical Neurology; Department of Neurology; Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA

Abstract

Spinal muscular atrophy is typically characterized as a motor neuron disease. Untreated patients with the most severe form, spinal muscular atrophy type 1, die early with infantile-onset progressive skeletal, bulbar, and respiratory muscle weakness. Such patients are now living longer due to new disease-modifying treatments such as gene replacement therapy (onasemnogene abeparvovec), recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and nusinersen, a central nervous system-directed treatment which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration three years ago. This has created an area of pressing clinical need: if spinal muscular atrophy is a multisystem disease, dysfunction of peripheral tissues and organs may become significant comorbidities as these patients survive into childhood and adulthood. In this review, we have compiled autopsy data, case reports, and cohort studies of peripheral tissue involvement in patients and animal models with spinal muscular atrophy. We have also evaluated preclinical studies addressing the question of whether peripheral expression of survival motor neuron is necessary and/or sufficient for motor neuron function and survival. Indeed, spinal muscular atrophy patient data suggest that spinal muscular atrophy is a multisystem disease with dysfunction in skeletal muscle, heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, spleen, bone, connective tissues, and immune systems. The peripheral requirement of SMN in each organ and how these contribute to motor neuron function and survival remains to be answered. A systemic (peripheral and central nervous system) approach to therapy during early development is most likely to effectively maximize positive clinical outcome.

Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.

Keywords : Spinal muscular atrophy, Neuromuscular, Gene therapy, Multisystem, Motor neuron


Plan


 Dr. Yeo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Darras’ disclosures: Receipt of grants/research supports: Research support from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the Slaney Family Fund for SMA, Working on Walking Fund, and the SMA Foundation; grants from CureSMA, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Biogen during ENDEAR, CHERISH, CS2, CS12, CS11 studies, AveXis, Cytokinetics, Fibrogen, PTC, Roche, Santhera, Sarepta, and Summit; he reports no personal financial interests in these companies. Receipt of honoraria or consultation fees: Basil T. Darras reports advisory boards for AveXis, Biogen, Cytokinetics, PTC, Roche, Genentech, and Sarepta. Participation in a company sponsored speaker’s bureau: No. Stock shareholder: No. Spouse/partner: No. Other support (please specify): None.
 Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.


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Vol 109

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