Normal EEG during the neonatal period: maturational aspects from premature to full-term newborns - 23/11/20

Doi : 10.1016/j.neucli.2020.10.004

Emilie Bourel-Ponchel ^a,^b,⁎ , Sophie Gueden ^c, Danièle Hasaerts ^d, Claire Héberlé ^a,^b, Geneviève Malfilâtre ^e, Luc Mony ^f, Patricia Vignolo-Diard ^g, Marie-Dominique Lamblin ^h
^a INSERM UMR 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80036 Amiens Cedex, France
^b INSERM UMR 1105, Pediatric Neurophysiology Unit, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, 1 rond-point du Pr Christian Chabrol, 80054 Amiens Cedex, France
^c Paediatric Neurology Unit, Angers University Hospital, 4, rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France
^d Dienst Kinderneurologie UZ Brussel, Laerbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
^e Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, CHU Tivoli, 7100 La Louvière, Belgium
^f Neurophysiology Unit, Le Mans Hospital Center, 72037 Le Mans Cedex, France
^g Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, APHP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
^h Clinical Neurophysiology, Roger Salengro Hospital, CHRU Lille - 2 Paediatric Clinical Neurophysiology, France

^⁎Corresponding author at: EFSN Pédiatrique, CHU Sud Amiens-Picardie, 1 rond-point du Pr Christian Chabrol, 80054 Amiens cedex, France.EFSN PédiatriqueCHU Sud Amiens-Picardie1 rond-point du Pr Christian ChabrolAmiens cedex80054France

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Abstract

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the reference tool for the analysis of brain function, reflecting normal and pathological neuronal network activity. During the neonatal period, EEG patterns evolve weekly, according to gestational age. The first analytical criteria for the various maturational stages and standardized neonatal EEG terminology were published by a group of French neurophysiologists training in Paris (France) in 1999. These criteria, defined from analog EEG, were completed in 2010 with digital EEG analysis. Since then, this work has continued, aided by the technical progress in EEG acquisition, the improvement of knowledge on the maturating processes of neuronal networks, and the evolution of critical care. In this review, we present an exhaustive and didactic overview of EEG characteristics from extremely premature to full-term infants. This update is based on the scientific literature, enhanced by the study of normal EEGs of extremely premature infants by our group of neurophysiologists. For educational purposes, particular attention has been paid to illustrations using new digital tools.

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Keywords : Cerebral maturation, EEG, Electroencephalogram, Premature newborn, Term newborn