Our country still has a high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease with a mortality rate of 9% in 2010 according to the National Institute of Public Health. It was noted that cardiac surgery centers still perform surgeries on rheumatic valvulopathies even though Rheumatic fever was declared eradicated.

The goal is to observe the evolution of the profile of the mitral rheumatic surgeries during the last 20 years.

Retrospective descriptive study carried out from the surgeries records of the Specialty Hospital Facility DJAGHRI MOKHTAR Constantine. Patients who had surgeries for mitral rheumatic valvulopathie(predominant Mitral Stenosis)isolated or associated with other valvulopathies/Cardiovascular diseases from January 1997 to December 2017. The data collected was:age, sex, diagnosis, type of the surgical intervention and their evolution over the past 20 years.RESULTS:3218 patients were collected. The average age was 42 years±11 with extremes from 9 to 86 years.67.7% were female and sex ratio of 0.47. There has been a gradual decrease in the group of <30 years old while a parallel increase in the group of >50 years old. In 2017, there was a predominance of operated patients who were over 50 years old. Before 2006,the mitral rheumatic surgeries reached 50% of the total activity of the center whereas from 2006 this frequency decreased to 28%.57.5% had only mitral rheumatic valvulopathy, regardless of the considered age group and the year. In 86.6% there was done valvular replacement, this predominance was noticed even in patients of<30 years old with a significant decrease in mitral conservation during the past 20 years.

Mitral rheumatic surgeries over the past 20 years, were performed in 40–49 years of age patients mostly females. Mitral rheumatic stenosis is usually isolated and treated by valve replacement. These surgeries represent almost 40% of the activity of the Eastern Algerian cardiac surgery center.