Endometriosis, one of the most common gynecological disorder, is a challenging disease observed in 20 %–40 % of subfertile women. Endometriomas affect 17–44 % of women with endometriosis. Because endometrioma has detrimental effects on fertility, many of these women need Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) to conceive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of endometrioma presence and impact of bilaterality over In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) outcomes.

The study was designed retrospectively. A total of 159 women enrolled in IVF / ICSI cycles were included. Patients were divided into two groups as Endometrioma group (n: 73) and control group (n:86). In Endometrioma group, subgroup analysis was performed according to whether endometrioma was unilateral or bilateral. Demographic characters, clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. SPSS was used for analysis.

In endometrioma group, although basal FSH levels was higher than control group, it was within normal limits, while estradiol levels was lower (p < 0.001, p 0.042, respectively). Antral follicle count (AFC), dominant follicle number, total oocyte count, MII oocyte numbers were found to be significantly lower, whereas numbers of embryos achieved, clinical pregnancy rates (PR) and live birth rates (LBR) were found to be similar.There were no statistically significant differences in terms of Antimullerian Hormon (AMH) levels, oocyte and embryo quality, the numbers of embryos achieved, PR and LBR between unilateral and bilateral endometrioma groups.

This study shows that presence of endometrioma negatively effects fertility parameters albeit no significant effect over embryo quality, PR and LBR whereas bilaterality doesn’t have any influence over any fertility parameters and PR.