Nonlinear Analysis of Stride Interval Time Series in Gait Maturation Using Distribution Entropy - 16/02/21

Doi : 10.1016/j.irbm.2021.02.001

V. Alcan ^{^⁎}
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, Tarsus, Mersin, Turkey

^⁎Correspondence to: Tarsus University, Faculty of Engineering, Takbas Mah. Kartaltepe Sk., 33400, Tarsus, Mersin, Turkey.Tarsus UniversityFaculty of EngineeringTakbas Mah. Kartaltepe Sk.TarsusMersin33400Turkey

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Graphical abstract

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Highlights

•	Many aspects of the growth of the human body have shown a nonlinear feature.
•	Entropy can analyze nonlinear time series in terms of irregularity and complexity.
•	Distribution Entropy (DistEn) showed high parametric consistency.
•	DistEn provided information about the irregularity of the movement pattern.

Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate whether DistEn was capable of identifying complexity or irregularity for gait data and whether having low parameter-dependency sensitivity by comparing with the Approximate Entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn).

Material and methods

The data were divided into three groups according to gait maturation. Firstly, the mean amplitude histogram, standard deviation (SD), and the power spectrum were calculated for each group. Secondly, ApEn, SampEn, and DistEn algorithms were calculated. Statistical analyses were then performed to compare groups.

Results

For m=3 with M= 256 and M=512 parameters, DistEn showed a statistically significant difference between in pairwise comparisons between all groups (P_a, P_b, and P_c < 0.05). DistEn consistently decreased from Group1, to Group2, and to Group 3. For m=2 with r=0.30 values, SampEn showed a statistically significant difference only in pairwise comparisons between Group1 and Group3 (P_b < 0.05). For with m=3 and r=0.30 parameters, SampEn also showed a statistically significant difference in pairwise comparisons between Group1 and Group3 (P_c < 0.05) as well as Group2 and Group3 (P_c < 0.05) SampEn increased from Group1 to Group3 and from Group2 to Group3. There was not any statistically significant difference in pairwise comparisons of groups for ApEn. Furthermore, DistEn showed less parameter consistency than ApEn and SampEn.