Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence for histologic melanoma recognition compared to 18 international expert pathologists - 15/03/21

Titus J. Brinker, MD ^{a, ⁎} , Max Schmitt, MSc ^a, Eva I. Krieghoff-Henning, PhD ^a, Raymond Barnhill, MD ^b, Helmut Beltraminelli, MD ^c, Stephan A. Braun, MD ^{d, e}, Richard Carr, MD ^f, Maria-Teresa Fernandez-Figueras, MD ^g, Gerardo Ferrara, MD ^h, Sylvie Fraitag, MD ⁱ, Raffaele Gianotti, MD ^j, Mar Llamas-Velasco, MD ^k, Cornelia S.L. Müller, MD ^l, Antonio Perasole, MD ^m, Luis Requena, MD ^{n, o}, Omar P. Sangueza, MD ^p, Carlos Santonja, MD ⁿ, Hans Starz, MD ^q, Esmeralda Vale, MD ^r, Wolfgang Weyers, MD ^s, Achim Hekler, Dipl-Inform ^a, Jakob N. Kather, MD ^{t, u}, Stefan Fröhling, MD ^u, Dieter Krahl, MD ^v, Tim Holland-Letz, PhD ^w, Jochen S. Utikal, MD ^{x, y}, Andrea Saggini, MD ^z, Heinz Kutzner, MD ^z

^a Digital Biomarkers for Oncology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 

^b Departments of Pathology and Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France 

^c Department of Dermatology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 

^d Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany 

^e Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany 

^f Department of Pathology, Warwick Hospital, Warwick, United Kingdom 

^g University General Hospital of Catalonia, Grupo Quironsalud, International University of Catalonia, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain 

^h Anatomic Pathology Unit, Macerata General Hospital, Macerata, Italy 

ⁱ Department of Pathology, University Paris Descartes, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique Hospitals of Paris, Paris, France 

^j Dermatopathology Lab, Dermatological Clinic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy 

^k Department of Dermatology, University Hospital La Princesa, Madrid, Spain 

^l Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany 

^m Anatomic and Cytopathology, Az. ULSS 8 Berica, Regione Veneto, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy 

ⁿ Dermatology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain 

^o Anatomic Pathology Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain 

^p Dermatopathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 

^q Dermpath München, Munich, Germany 

^r Service of Dermatology, Medical-Surgical Center Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal 

^s Center for Dermatopathology, Freiburg, Germany 

^t Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany 

^u National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 

^v Dres. Krahl Dermatopathology, Heidelberg, Germany 

^w Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 

^x Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 

^y Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany 

^z Dermatopathology Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany 

^∗Correspondence to: Titus J. Brinker, Digital Biomarkers for Oncology Group, German Cancer Research Center, im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, 69120, GermanyDigital Biomarkers for Oncology GroupGerman Cancer Research Centerim Neuenheimer Feld 460Heidelberg69120Germany