Associations of Maternal Characteristics and Dietary Factors with Anemia and Iron-Deficiency in Pregnancy - 07/04/21

Doi : 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102137

Melda Kangalgil, MSc ^a,^⁎ , Ayhan Sahinler, MD ^b, Lecturer Ilknur Buçan Kirkbir ^c, Prof. Dr. Ayşe Özfer Özçelik ^d
^a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
^b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trabzon Numune Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey Postal Code: 61250, Phone Number: +90 0462 230 23 00
^c Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Postal Code: 61080, Phone Number: +90 462 230 04 76
^d Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Postal Code: 06290, Phone Number: +90 0312 381 23 50

^⁎Corresponding author: Melda Kangalgil Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Postal Code: 61080, Phone Number: +90 462 230 04 76Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health SciencesKaradeniz Technical UniversityTrabzonPostal Code: 61080Turkey

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Abstract

Objective

Anemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy influence maternal and fetal health, birth outcomes, and the risk of chronic disease in offspring. This study aimed to examine the association with sociodemographic, maternal factors, supplement use and dietary intakes, and anemia and iron deficiency in pregnancy.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 165 pregnant women aged between 19-45 years who were interviewed, and dietary intake was assessed by 24-hours dietary recall, supplement records and food frequency questionnaire. Learning Vector Quantization feature selection method which is one of the machine learning techniques was used to extract important variables from sociodemographic, maternal, and dietary factors.

Results

The prevalence of anemia was 15.2% and prevalence of iron deficiency was 65.5%. Total intake of iron, phosphorus, vitamin B₁ and B₂ were importance factors for iron deficiency while age, number of births, use of folic acid supplement, dietary folate equivalent and total iron intake were importance factors for anemia.

Conclusions

Maternal and dietary characteristics were the most crucial risk factors for anemia while dietary factors were the most important risk factor for iron deficiency in pregnancy. The development of anemia and iron deficiency is associated with the coexistence of many nutrient deficiencies.

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Keywords : Anemia, Medical diet therapy, Iron deficiency, Pregnancy, Supplement