The emergence of many new viruses in recent times has resulted in a significant scientific challenge for discovering drugs and vaccines that effectively treat and prevent viral diseases. Nanotechnology has opened doors to prevent the spread of several diseases, including those caused by viruses. Polymer-hybrid nanodevices are a class of nanotechnology platforms for biomedical applications that present synergistic properties among their components, with improved performance compared to conventional forms of therapy. Considering the growing interest in this emerging field and the promising technological advantages of polymer-hybrid nanodevices, this work presents the current status of these systems in the context of prevention and treatment of viral diseases. A brief description of the different types of polymer-hybrid nanodevices highlighting some peculiar characteristics such as their composition, biodistribution, delivery of antigens, and overall immune responses in systemic tissues are discussed. Finally, the work presents the future trends for new nanotechnological hybrid materials based on polymers and perspectives for clinical use.