Flow-Mediated Dilation as a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Diseases: a narrative review - 17/09/23

Doi : 10.1016/j.resmer.2023.101049

Lucia Abagnale ^a,^{⁎
These authors contributed equally to the manuscript.}, Claudio Candia ^a,^{⁎
These authors contributed equally to the manuscript.}, Andrea Motta ^b, Brurya Galloway ^c, Pasquale Ambrosino ^d, Antonio Molino ^a, Mauro Maniscalco ^a,^c,^⁎
^a Department of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
^b Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council; 80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
^c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme, Italy.
^d Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Directorate of Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme, Italy.

^#Corresponding Author: Mauro Maniscalco, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Salvatore Maugeri 4 27100 Pavia, Italy. Tel: +390824909350Pulmonary Rehabilitation UnitIstituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSVia Salvatore Maugeri 4Pavia27100Italy

Sous presse. Manuscrit accepté. Disponible en ligne depuis le Sunday 17 September 2023

Abstract

The endothelium is an active and crucial component of vessels and produces several key regulatory factors for the homeostasis of the entire organism. Endothelial function can be investigated invasively or non-invasively, both in the coronary and peripheral circulation. A widely accepted method for the assessment of endothelial function is measurement of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), which evaluates the vascular response to changes in blood flow.

In this current review, we describe FMD applications in the clinical setting of different respiratory diseases: acute SARS-COV2 infection, pulmonary embolism; post-acute SARS-COV2 infection, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Obstructive Sleep Apneas Syndrome, Pulmonary Hypertension, Interstitial Lung Diseases.

Emerging evidence shows that FMD might be an effective tool to assess the cardiovascular risk in patients suffering from the undermentioned respiratory diseases as well as an independent predictive factor of disease severity and/or recovery.

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Keywords : endothelial function, biomarkers, disability, rehabilitation, outcomes