There has been a global rise in land-surface air temperature by 1.53 °C which can pose a threat to agricultural yields, undermine food security, and exacerbate malnutrition. In India, modern agricultural systems heavily rely on cereal crops which are susceptible to climate-induced stressors, leading to potential yield losses; whereas millets, resilient to stress and nutritionally rich, offer a sustainable alternative.

Odisha's vulnerability to natural calamities like droughts, floods, and cyclones has significantly impacted crop production, particularly rice, prompting the reintroduction of millets. The Odisha Millets Mission (OMM), was launched to promote millets in tribal areas, revitalize traditional farming practices, increasing millet cultivation, yield rates, and gross value per household. Millets offer health benefits, environmental advantages, and potential solutions to combat malnutrition and climate change.

Integrating millets into public diets and food security programs can enhance nutritional resilience and foster sustainable food systems nationwide. The success of OMM underscores the potential for replicating similar initiatives across India, thereby elevating livelihoods, nutritional well-being, and climate resilience among vulnerable populations.

The success of OMM highlights the potential for similar initiatives worldwide, benefiting livelihoods, nutrition, and climate resilience among vulnerable populations. Future research can prioritize enhancing millet productivity and profitability through improved varieties, enhanced agronomic practices, and modern technology adoption.