The variation of the printing angle of metallic devices induces anisotropy. Thus, to understand the effects of this parameter on as-built samples, this review aimed to answer, “What is the state-of-the-art in the effect of the printing angle of titanium devices printed by additive manufacturing on the material properties?” to identify the best angle for biomedical application through the correlation of microstructural, mechanical properties and roughness.

The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. The search strategy was applied to five databases. The selection process of the articles occurred in two phases by the reviewers independently according to the eligibility criteria, experimental studies that analyzed as-built Ti and its alloy samples printed at different angles characterized by microstructure, mechanical properties, and roughness. In the first, the title and abstract were analyzed. In the second, the articles selected in the first were read in full. The risk of bias was analyzed through a specific tool.

Of the 668 articles found, six met the eligibility criteria. Five metal additive manufacturing techniques with printing angles ranging from 0^∘ to 90^∘ were evaluated. The microstructure of the samples was consistent with that expected for the alloy and printing technique, with no interference from the angle. For mechanical properties, greater strength was observed at 0^∘ for tensile, 90^∘ for compression, and Vickers hardness showed no significant differences. For roughness, 0^∘ was the most rough. All studies presented a low risk of bias.

The literature evaluated demonstrated that the variation of the printing angle causes the staircase effect that significantly affects the properties of the materials produced. Therefore, the choice of the angle of the biomedical device must be guided by its application, given its strong influence on mechanical performance and consequent durability.