“Sexual health”, “Sexual medicine” and “Sexual rights” are currently replacing existing terms such as “sexuality” and “sexology” among the sexologists themselves. Therefore it appears that these terms are not new and have appeared in the social world and the medical universe more than 60 years ago. The presentation is based on a long term historical and epistemological project inside the social historical evolution of concept and their implications on contemporary practices in the field of “sexology”. The epistemology and politics of the current transition from “sexology” to “sexual health / sexual medicine / sexual rights” will be discussed, and the hypothesis of the medicalisation of sexuality will be revisited with a confrontation with the concept of sexual right. The objective of the paper is to identify the status of political and social dimension in the current evolution of European Sexology. Can we speak of a medicalisation of sexual health? What is the future of “sexology” in the world of “sexual health”? How can we define, protect and enhance sexual rights in Europe?