To investigate institutional support, resources, and lactation policies for female urologists and to compare male and female urologist perspectives on lactation.

An anonymous survey was distributed to 11,115 American Urologic Association members, assessing demographics, lactation support, awareness of laws, and personal views on lactation. Descriptive statistics summarized responses, and Fisher exact tests compared male and female perspectives.

682 completed the survey. Of those who took leave, 73% reported no work adjustments upon returning from leave. Only 35% had protected pumping time, 17% had reduced clinic time, and fewer had reduced operative time (5%), call volume (2%), or call responsibility (2%). Just 21% of birthing parents reported call adjustments during pregnancy, and only 54% felt their lactation goals were supported at work. Among respondents who breastfed (37%), 75% had a private place to pump, but only 45% had adequate time. Few (9%) believed a colleague’s lactation impacted their workload, and males were more likely to report an impact (18% vs 7%, P = .0002). Males were also less likely to value protecting lactation rights (91% vs 96%, P = .0036) and less aware of policies on breastfeeding (38% vs 62%, P < .0001).

Barriers to adequate lactation support persist for urologists, with significant gender differences in perspectives and awareness. Improved institutional support and education are needed to address these longstanding challenges.