L’effet pathogène de la précarité sociale sur la santé mentale a fait l’objet de nombreuses publications internationales. Ces recherches mettent en valeur la fréquence accrue des problèmes de santé mentale chez les populations pauvres, sans emploi ou sans domicile. Ce risque est par ailleurs majoré en période périnatale, où l’incidence des troubles psychologiques est plus importante qu’à n’importe quel autre moment de la vie. Chez de jeunes mères en situation de vulnérabilité sociale, l’accès aux réseaux médico-sociaux et à leur réseau de soutien social est donc primordial. Cette étude consiste en un état des lieux sur les ressources professionnelles et informelles en santé mentale dont bénéficient les femmes accueillies au sein des centres maternels de Paris. Quatre-vingt-quinze sujets ont participé à la recherche. Soixante-huit pour cent d’entre elles validaient un trouble de santé mentale au jour de l’enquête. Parmi celles-ci, 97 % avaient cherché un recours spécifique pour ce(s) trouble(s) auprès de professionnels et/ou de leur réseau social. Les forts taux de satisfaction par rapport au soutien reçu démontrent la capacité de cette population à engager un processus fonctionnel de demande d’aide. En outre, ils mettent en valeur que l’enjeu ne réside pas tant dans la mise en place de solutions que dans la nécessité de favoriser l’élaboration de liens entre professionnels de santé mentale et travailleurs sociaux.

The negative effect of social deprivation and poverty on mental health has been the subject of numerous publications since the 1960s, with studies generally showing a higher prevalence of mental health disorders in homeless, unemployed or low income populations. Women in perinatal contexts are also at greater risk for psychopathology: the relative risk for being hospitalised is up to 60% higher in the perinatal period than during the two years preceding pregnancy. Access to social care and informal support is therefore particularly important for pregnant women in vulnerable social conditions. In France, socially excluded mothers access shelter and accommodation in maternal centres. Over the last few years, staff in these centers report what they perceive to be as an increase in the prevalence of mental health problems in the mothers using these services. The current study, CEMAT, set out to examine this question.

Based on a participatory research method, a qualitative and epidemiological study was carried out in order to evaluate the reality and needs in terms of mental health care in this population, as well as to evaluate available care and support networks. The study took place in 2005. All stakeholder groups in six maternal centres agreed to participate in focus groups and, in addition, residents were invited to respond to epidemiological and qualitative questionnaires, including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0) and its qualitative questions aimed at evaluating use of medical and social network resources. Overall, 95 women took part in this study, representing 61% of all residents. Subjects were young (64% under 26) and 57% had been living in their centre for over 12 months.

A percentage of 68% (N=65) of the participants were identified as having a mental health disorder, according to the MINI. Of these 65 women, 55 (85%) had consulted a physician (mainly general practitioners and gynecologists) during the preceding two months. Ninety seven per cent of women validating one or more MINI diagnoses had specifically looked for help for these disorders, 17% seeking only professional help (GP, psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, expert in non conventional medicine or traditional care), 23%looking for an informal source of support (partner, family, friends) and 57% using both professional care and informal support. High rates of satisfaction (69% for professional services, 81% for informal support) showed the capacity of this population to request relevant social and medico-social support.

Results tend to confirm the links between psychosocial vulnerability and mental health disorders. On the other hand, the women’s ability to ask for and to access specific psychological care, whether it be from professionals or informally from friends and family is to be underlined. The high satisfaction rates tend to prove that, though psychologically vulnerable, this population has coping capacities that should be recognized and valorized. Options open to such structures do not necessarily involve the sole development of internal mental health resources, but need to acknowledge and strengthen existing support networks.