Si le risque de néoplasie est clairement augmenté dans les autres myosites inflammatoires comme la dermatomyosite et la polymyosite, il n’existe pas de preuve dans la littérature d’une association entre syndrome des antisynthétases et néoplasie.

Nous rapportons l’observation d’un patient de 54ans, tabagique, avec syndrome des antisynthétases, anticorps anti-Jo1 positifs, ayant fait découvrir un adénocarcinome pulmonaire primitif.

Deux études récentes rapportent des formes plus sévères et un risque augmenté de néoplasie en cas de syndrome des antisynthétases avec anticorps anti-Jo1, particulièrement en cas d’association à des anticorps anti-Ro-52. Cependant, les données de la littérature sont contradictoires.

Dermatomyositis and polymyositis are sometimes associated with neoplasia. Conversely, a link between antisynthetase syndrome and neoplasia has not been clearly demonstrated.

We report a 54-year-old smoker male patient who presented with an antisynthetase syndrome with anti-Jo1 and anti-Ro-52 antibodies. An adenocarcinoma of the lung was diagnosed at the same time.

Two recent studies showed that patients with an antisynthetase syndrome associated with anti-Jo1 antibodies have more severe prognosis than antisynthetase syndrome associated with other antibodies (i.e. PL7/PL12). The risk of cancer occurrence seems to be increased when the anti-Jo1 antisynthetase syndrome is associated with anti-Ro-52 antibodies. To date, there is no demonstrated association between antisynthetase syndrome and neoplasia.