Risk Factors and Comorbidities for Occasional and Daily Smoking in European Adolescents: Results of the Seyle Project - 09/06/15

Doi : 10.1016/S0924-9338(15)30404-1

R. Banzer ^a, C. Haring ^a, A. Buchheim ^b, S. Oehler ^a, V. Carli ^c, C.W. Hoven ^d, C. Wasserman ^d, M. Sarchiapone ^e, M. Kaess ^f, A. Apter ^g, J. Balazs ^h, J. Bobes ⁱ, R. Brunner ^f, P. Corcoran ^j, D. Cosman ^k, J.P. Kahn ^l, V. Postuvan ^m, A. Värnik ⁿ, D. Wasserman ^c

^a Psychiatry B, State Hospital Hall in Tirol, Hall in Tirol, Austria

^b Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

^c National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

^d Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA

^e Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy

^f Section for Disorders of Personality Development, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

^g Feinberg Child Study Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

^h Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary

ⁱ Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain

^j (NSRF), National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland

^k Clinical Psychology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

^l Department of Psychiatry, Université H. Poincaré, Nancy, France

^m Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, University of Promorska, Koper, Slovenia

ⁿ Estonian-Swedish Mental Health & Suicidology Institute, Center for Behavioral and Health Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia

Résumé

Background

Smoking among adolescents is still a major public health problem and a global concern. Early onset and long-term smoking are associated with physical and psychological health problems.

Objective

To identify risk factors and comorbidities for occasional and daily smoking among European adolescents.

Methods

In the context of the Europe-wide ’Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe” (SEYLE) study we surveyed 12,328 youths at the age of 13 to 17 from 11 countries. We applied questions from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey to determine nicotine consumption as well as other risk behaviors. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Becks Depression Inventory-II, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory and the Paykel Suicide Scale.

Results

On average 30.9% of adolescents reported daily smoking and the onset of smoking was reported by 35.3% between the age of 12 and 13 already. Multinomial logistic regression model showed significant correlations between adolescent smoking and migration background, living in single parent households, no physical activity, parental smoking and physical fights. Further it revealed significant associations of adolescent smoking with alcohol consumption, illegal drug use, anxiety, conduct problems, hyperactivity, suicidal ideation, self-injury and internet-dependence.

Conclusion

Our data show that adolescent smoking is associated with psychosocial factors, especially family setting and parental behaviors. Further, smoking and psychiatric problems are highly correlated. Therefore, early preventive measures are necessary and essential not only for adolescents but also for their parents.

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