Mucocutaneous manifestations of helminth infections : Trematodes and cestodes - 12/11/15

Doi : 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.11.035

Omar Lupi, MD, PhD ^a, Christopher Downing, MD ^f,^⁎ , Michael Lee, MD ^g, Francisco Bravo, MD ^c,^d, Patricia Giglio, MD ^d, Laila Woc-Colburn, MD ^e, Stephen K. Tyring, MD, PhD ^b,^f
^a Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro and Policlinica Geral do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janerio, Brazil
^b Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, Texas
^c Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru
^d Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
^e National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
^f Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
^g Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

^∗Correspondence to: Christopher Downing, MD, 6655 Travis Street, Suite 600, Houston, TX 77030.

Abstract

In the 21st century, despite increased international travel for vacation, work, and medical missions and immigration into the United States, there is little published in the dermatology literature regarding the cutaneous manifestations of helminth infections. It has been estimated that 20% to 70% of international travelers suffer from some travel-related health problem. Approximately 17% of travelers seek medical care because of cutaneous disorders, many related to infectious etiologies. This review will focus on cutaneous diseases caused by helminth infections. Part I of the review focused on nematode infections; part II will focus on trematode and cestode infections. Nematodes are roundworms that cause diseases with cutaneous manifestations, such as cutaneous larval migrans, onchocerciasis, filariasis, gnathostomiasis, loiasis, dracunculiasis, strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, streptocerciasis, dirofilariasis, and trichinosis. Tremadotes, also known as flukes, cause schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis, and fascioliasis. Cestodes (tapeworms) are flat, hermaphroditic parasites that cause diseases such as sparganosis, cysticercosis, and echinococcus.

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Key words : cysticercosis, echinococcus, fascioliasis, helminth, paragonimiasis, parasite, schistosomiasis, travel