Epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly: A European multicenter study - 23/09/19

Doi : 10.1016/j.jormas.2019.09.002

M. Brucoli ^a, P. Boffano ^a,⁎ , I. Romeo ^a, C. Corio ^a, A. Benech ^a, M. Ruslin ^b, T. Forouzanfar ^c, T. Starch-Jensen ^d, T. Rodríguez-Santamarta ^e, J.C. de Vicente ^e, J. Snäll ^f, H. Thorén ^g,^h, B. Aničić ⁱ, V.S. Konstantinovic ⁱ, P. Pechalova ^j, N. Pavlov ^k, H. Daskalov ^j, I. Doykova ^l, K. Kelemith ^m, T. Tamme ⁿ, A. Kopchak ^o, I. Shumynskyi ^p, P. Corre ^q, H. Bertin ^q, Q. Goguet ^q, M. Anquetil ^q, A. Louvrier ^r,^s, C. Meyer ^r,^s, T. Dovšak ^t, D. Vozlič ^t, A. Birk ^t, M. Tarle ^u, E. Dediol ^u
^a Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
^b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
^c Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
^d Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
^e Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
^f Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
^g Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
^h Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
ⁱ Department of Maxillofacial surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
^j Department of Oral surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
^k Private practice of oral surgery, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
^l Department of maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
^m Department of maxillofacial surgery, North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia
ⁿ Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
^o Bogomolets National Medical University, Stomatological medical center, Kyiv, Ukraine
^p Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Kyiv, Ukraine
^q Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU de Nantes, 1 place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France
^r Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery–Hospital Dentistry Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
^s University of Bourgogne–Franche-Comté, EA 4662 Nanomedicine Lab Imagery and Therapeutics, 25000 Besançon, France
^t Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery of the University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
^u Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia

^⁎Corresponding author.

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Abstract

Introduction

The progressive aging of European population seems to determine a change in the epidemiology, incidence and etiology of maxillofacial fractures with an increase in the frequency of old patients sustaining craniofacial trauma. The objective of the present study was to assess the demographic variables, causes, and patterns of facial fractures in elderly population (with 70 years or more).

Materials and methods

The data from all geriatric patients (70 years or more) with facial fractures between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, were collected. The following data were recorded for each patient: gender, age, voluptuary habits, comorbidities, etiology, site of facial fractures, synchronous body injuries, Facial Injury Severity Score (FISS).

Results

A total of 1334 patients (599 male and 735 female patients) were included in the study. Mean age was 79.3 years, and 66% of patients reported one or more comorbidities. The most frequent cause of injury was fall and zygomatic fractures were the most frequently observed injuries. Falls were associated with a low FISS value (P<.005). Concomitant injuries were observed in 27.3% of patients. Falls were associated with the absence of concomitant injuries. The ninth decade (P<.05) and a high FISS score (P<.005) were associated with concomitant body injuries too.

Conclusions

This study confirms the role of falls in the epidemiology of facial trauma in the elderly, but also highlights the frequency of involvement of females, and the high frequency of zygomatic fractures.

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Keywords : Facial fractures, Multicenter, Epidemiology, Etiology, Falls