A review of the recent literature shows that guidelines on the management of low back pain (LBP) have little impact on the use of radiological imagery. Among the factors which might account for the use of radiological examination, a review of the literature points to some that refer to the patient, others to the clinician and still others to the therapeutic interaction. This leads one to question the importance of radiological examination for both the patient and the physician. The matter at stake in this review is the relationship that may exist between this type of examination and the patient's and/or the physician's anxiety. If these aspects are associated or causally related, this relationship can be two-sided and is thus susceptible to affect the patient, the physician, or both. Some possible keys which emphasize the central role of the therapeutic relationship in this predicament are also reviewed.