Splenectomy is generally a second-line therapy in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) refractory to medical therapy. Our objective was to evaluate outcomes after splenectomy for these disorders.

A retrospective review of the medical records of patients who underwent splenectomy for ITP or AHA from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2010 was completed.

Sixty patients met the study criteria: 45 with ITP and 15 with AHA. The mean age was 49.4 ± 21.7 years; 63% were women. Initially, 91% and 93% of ITP and AHA patients experienced a complete response (P = .999); however, 17% of ITP and 29% of AHA patients relapsed (P = .443). Sixty-four percent of patients responded after relapse for a complete response rate of 85% (82% in ITP and 93% in AHA, P = .427). Thirty-day and long-term complication rates were 10% and 5%, respectively. There were no splenectomy-related 30-day mortalities.

Splenectomy for ITP and AHA resulted in favorable response rates with low morbidity and is an effective adjunct in the management course of patients failing to achieve or sustain responses with medical therapy.