The third dimension of scoliosis: The forgotten axial plane - 21/01/19

Doi : 10.1016/j.otsr.2018.10.021

Tamás S. Illés ^a,^b,^c,^⁎ , Francois Lavaste ^d, Jean F. Dubousset ^c
^a Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, CHU–Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles/Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
^b Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, CHU–Odense and Clinical Research Institute, Denmark South University, Odense, Denmark
^c Académie Nationale de Médecine, 16, rue Bonaparte, 75006 Paris, France
^d Institute of Biomechanics Human Georges-Charpak, Arts et métiers ParisTech, 151, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France

^⁎Corresponding author. Département de chirurgie orthopédique et de traumatologie, CHU–Brugmann, 4, place Van Gehuchten, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.Département de chirurgie orthopédique et de traumatologie, CHU–Brugmann4, place Van GehuchtenBrussels1020Belgium

Sous presse. Épreuves corrigées par l'auteur. Disponible en ligne depuis le Monday 21 January 2019
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Abstract

Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the spine. In clinical practice, however, the diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis consider only two dimensions (2D) as they rely solely on postero-anterior (PA) and lateral radiographs. Thus, the projections of the deformity are evaluated in only the coronal and sagittal planes, whereas those in the axial plane are disregarded, precluding an accurate assessment of the 3D deformity. A universal dogma in engineering is that designing a 3D object requires drawing projections of the object in all three planes. Similarly, when dealing with a 3D deformity, knowledge of the abnormalities in all three planes is crucial, as each plane is as important as the other two planes. This article reviews the chronological development of axial plane imaging and spinal deformity measurement.

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Keywords : Scoliosis, Axial plane, Top view, Vertebral vector