Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic neurologic disease affecting young people. Cognitive dysfunction is an important part of disability, interfering with quality of life (QoL). Disease modifying therapies (DMT) are gold standard of long-term treatment in MS.

Assessment of DMT impact on evolution of cognitive dysfunction.

To analyze the cognitive status in a lot of 74 patients with MS, with a mean age of 40.4years, treated with different DMT in the National Health Program.

Testing patients during 2014–2015 for cognitive dysfunction, by applying MMSE, Sunderland Clock Test, Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Impact Scale and QoL Short form-36 scores every 6months; analyzing demographic, clinical and magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) data.

Thirty-six percent of lot showed memory and concentration changes (12 patients with secondary progressive MS, 15 with relapsing-remitting MS); mean age of these patients was 46.29years, with a mean period of evolution of the disease of 9.8years before starting DMT; cortical atrophy was present on MRI in 37% of these patients. Mean age of those who didn’t present cognitive disturbances was 37.01years, with a mean period of evolution of 6.2years before starting DMT. Disturbances appeared independently of the presence of cortical atrophy, as this marker appeared in 5% of patients with no cognitive dysfunction.

When starting DMT, age and time of evolution of the disease are essential for further developing of cognitive dysfunction. Mood and anxiety disturbances can be a prodromal marker of neurocognitive troubles. DMT have neuroprotective outcome in MS.