An aberrantly spliced isoform of anterior gradient-2, AGR2vH promotes migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cell - 20/09/18
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Graphical abstract |
An aberrantly spliced isoform of anterior gradient-2, AGR2vH promotes migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cell.
Highlights |
• | AGR2vH, an aberrant spliced AGR2 transcript, upregulates in metastatic CCA cells. |
• | Depletion of AGR2vH significantly decreases migration and invasion of CCA. |
• | Overexpression of AGR2vH promotes growth, migration, invasion, and adhesion of CCA. |
• | Expression of AGR2vH positively correlates with expression of Vimentin. |
• | AGR2vH enables metastatic-associated phenotypes in CCA. |
Abstract |
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer of bile duct, considered to be an incurable and lethal cancer. High mortality rate of CCA patients is underlined by cancer metastasis, an ability of the cancer cells that spread to secondary organs. Recently, we have identified Anterior Gradient-2 (AGR2), from a pair of non-metastatic/metastatic cell lines (KKU-213/KKU-213L5), as a gene that is highly and specifically upregulated in the metastatic cell line. AGR2 encodes for a disulfide isomerase enzyme, ubiquitously detected in mucus-secreting tissues. Overexpression of AGR2 has been reported in several types of human cancer. Role of the overexpressed AGR2 in cancer is still unclear. Here, we found that upregulation of AGR2 in metastatic CCA cells coincides with an aberrant splicing of AGR2 mRNA, and that isoforms of AGR2 RNA, such as AGR2vE, AGR2vF, and AGR2vH are specific to the metastatic cells. We demonstrated that the AGR2vH isoform enables metastatic-associated phenotypes in CCA cells. Depletion of AGR2vH by an isoform-specific interfering RNA in metastatic KKU-213L5 cell results in significant reduction of cancer cell migration and invasion, and a slight decrease of cell adhesion. Overexpression of AGR2vH in non-metastatic KKU-213 cells promotes cancer cell migration, invasion, adhesion, and moderate cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that expression of a metastasis-associated gene, vimentin, positively correlates with expression of AGR2vH. Our results support the notion that aberrant alternative splicing of AGR2 facilitates an accumulation of the oncogenic AGR2vH isoform, in turn, contributes to the pathogenesis and severity of CCA.
El texto completo de este artículo está disponible en PDF.Keywords : Aberrant splicing, Anterior gradient-2, Cholangiocarcinoma, Metastasis
Esquema
Vol 107
P. 109-116 - novembre 2018 Regresar al númeroBienvenido a EM-consulte, la referencia de los profesionales de la salud.
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