1)To review and illustrate imaging patterns of the main pathological conditions that affects the central nervous system in HIV/AIDS, 2)To study the usefulness of imaging (CT and MRI of the central nervous system) in the diagnosis of neurological complications of AIDS, 3)To understand the impact of the immune status on the epidemiology and imaging of neurological complications of AIDS.

We carried out a retrospective analysis of clinical biological and radiological data of HIV infected patients explored in our institution.

Among the study period, 15 HIV infected patients were admitted for neurological symptoms.

The main age was 37.6. Patients were predominantly male. Clinically, all patients had fever.

CT was performed for all patients and MRI for 6 of them.

The diagnosis of cerebral Toxoplasmosis was considered in 7 (46.66%) cases. Cerebral Cryptococcosis was found in 3 cases (20%), and cerebral Tuberculosis in 1 (6.66%). Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) was diagnosed in 4 (26.66%) cases. For one patient (6.66%), the diagnosis remained unestablished.

The main age of patients was 37.6 year-old with masculine predominance.

The principal symptom was a neurological deficit in 7 cases.

The introduction of Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has lead to a decline in the incidence of HIV related infections and neoplasms. Nevertheless, these are conditions are still seen. Imaging diagnosis relies to the radiological findings coupled with serological and CSF analysis. The radiologist should be aware of the changing epidemiology of HIV complications in correlation with immune status of the patient which helps establish the correct diagnosis and improve management and prognosis.