Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a severe condition which should be screened in patient with persistent dyspnea after pulmonary embolism (PE). After PE, CTEPH incidence was estimated between 0.1 and 9.1% in overall patients. Although cancer is associated with an increased risk of CTEPH, CTEPH incidence is still unknown in cancer patients with PE. We aimed to estimate the frequency CTEPH-likely patients after PE, in cancer patients.

We individualized cancer patients of a monocentric prospective registry including consecutive patients with symptomatic PE. The primary outcome was the frequency of “CTEPH-likely” patients defined by the European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines (an accelerated tricuspid regurgitation more than 2.8m/s and at least 1–2 segmental or larger-sized defects, after more than 3 months of therapeutic anticoagulation).

We included 129 cancer patients with PE. Colorectal cancer (19%), breast cancer (17%) and prostate cancer (15%) were the most frequent cancers. PE occurred after surgery or medical immobilization in 17% of patients, while 26% of patients had history of venous thromboembolism. During the follow-up, 2 patients (1.5%) had a clinical suspicion of CTEPH and only 1 patient with ovarian cancer (0.75% 95%CI [0.0%–2.2%]) was classified as “CTEPH-likely”, 6 months after PE.

The frequency of screening for CTEPH seems negligible in PE patients with cancer. Concomitant cancer may affect the clinical suspicion of CTEPH.